8 Rights Covered
Right to have your FIR registered free of cost
Police are legally bound to register an FIR for cognisable offences without any fee. BNSS Section 173. Refusal to register FIR is a punishable offence for the officer.
Right to a signed copy of the FIR immediately
Police must give you a free signed copy of the registered FIR immediately. BNSS Section 173(2). If refused, file a written complaint with the SP or approach the Magistrate.
Right to file a Zero FIR at any police station
You can file a Zero FIR at any police station regardless of jurisdiction. The station must register it and transfer to the appropriate jurisdiction. BNSS Section 173(1).
Right to approach Magistrate if FIR is refused
If police refuse to register FIR, send complaint by post to the Superintendent of Police (BNSS Section 173(4)) or file complaint directly with Magistrate under BNSS Section 175. Magistrate can order FIR registration.
Right to file electronic FIR (e-FIR)
For cognisable offences, you can file an e-FIR on the state police portal. The same legal rights apply including receiving a copy. Particularly important for cyber crimes.
Right to remain anonymous for sensitive complaints
Courts have held that anonymous complaints can be acted upon by police. For sexual offences, identity of victim must be protected. BNSS Section 73 bars publication of identity.
Right to investigation and chargesheet
After FIR, police must investigate within prescribed time. Chargesheet must be filed within 60 days (up to 10 year offences) or 90 days (more serious). Delay gives accused default bail.
Right to challenge false FIR filed against you
Filing a false FIR is an offence under BNS Section 248. If false FIR filed against you, file counter-complaint and apply for quashing before High Court under BNSS Section 528.